Cover Letter Tips: Basic Types and Format

A cover letter is the first writing sample you provide to a potential employer. Therefore, the letter should be concise, descriptive, and persuasive. Ultimately, a cover letter must positively distinguish you from other applicants. See below for some tips on getting started with your cover letter type and format: 

Types of Cover Letters
There are two kinds of cover letters: those in response to a job posting or recruiting program, and letters of introduction  that are unsolicited by the employer. In some respects, both types of letters are the same; however, the unsolicited letter requires additional content and action, as noted below. Regardless of the type, your cover letter should be no longer than one typed page.

Structure of a Cover Letter
Every cover letter should contain the following:

·         Your Contact Information

·         Date

·         Reader’s Address Block

·         Opening Salutation (e.g., Dear Ms. Doe)

·         Introduction Paragraph

·         Body

·         Call to Action Closing

·         Closing Salutation (e.g., Sincerely)

·         Your Signature and Name

Use a simple and professional font to type the letter, such as Calibri or Times New Roman. The size of the font should be 11-12 point type. Use consistent margins at the top and sides of the document. If the employer will receive the letter in a hard copy, use a quality printer and professional resume-type paper in a plain color (white or ivory). Although it is not necessary, cover letters that match your resume in font and format make your application look more polished and professional.
Your contact information may appear at the top of the letter in the form of a header. Consider using the header from your resume to give your cover letter the look of letterhead. You should include your mailing address, preferred telephone number, and an appropriate email address.

Always include the date on which the letter was written or intended to be mailed. You should write the date in full (e.g., July 4, 2010).

Whenever possible a cover letter should be addressed to the appropriate person. If you are uncertain to whom to address the cover letter, research the employer to identify the appropriate individual. In general, you should address the reader with Ms., Mr., or Mrs., followed by his or her last name. Always remember to confirm the correct spelling of the person's name! Unless you are submitting materials for a blind ad, you should never address your cover letter as, "To Whom It May Concern," as there is a chance that a letter addressed to no one will be read by no one.